I would not put an HDD in the iMacs that you have. Does it have to be internal? Is there a reason why you cannot use external storage?
As I anyhow want to open up my iMacs (2009, 2010, 2011 possible the 2013 also) to upgrade them with SSD, I thought exchanging the 7200 rpm harddisk with some having 10.000 rpm.
What do you think, adavantages, disadvantages? Is there something to gain?
There will be no advantages using a 10K HDD over an SSD, with the exception of if you already owned the HDD and you were repurposing it, then there would be the cost advantage (you already own it).
A 10k or 15k rpm HDD will be more expensive, run hot, takes up more space, requires more power, lower read and write speeds to a modern SATA SSD, for both sequential and random.
I wouldn’t recommend putting any HDD in a Late 2009 and up iMac due to the heat, but would especially not recommend a 10K rpm HDD, as that would most likely run hotter than an equivalent 7200 rpm HDD.
Also I am wondering if I should risk used HDD.
If shopping for older HDDS, you also have to keep in mind that 10k rpm doesn't automatically equal faster than 7200 rpm HDD.
RPM is a characteristic of an HDD, and if all else is equal, a 10k rpm should be faster than a 7200 rpm HDD, but when comparing two different HDDs (especially if one is used on eBay), there are other characteristics that factor into the performance of the drives.
This reminds me of a story on the tech sites from many years ago, I can't remember the exact details, but IIRC, it was about Toshiba announcing the world's first 1TB HDD. Can't remember if it was 3.5" or 2.5", but the rpm on the drive was really low compared what was typically on the market. I think it was 3600 rpm or 4500 rpm, and a lot of people complained about the rpms.
Even though it had relatively low rpms, this new drive from Toshiba ended up being the fastest drive on the market due to the density of the platters.
The point is, just because it might be 10k rpm, doesn't necessary mean that it would be faster than a modern 7200 rpm HDD>