Boot camp really has 2 purposes
Boot camp contains information necessary to emulate the BIOS in the EFI (or is it EMI) motherboard chipset to boot Windows and I don't see why this couldn't be used to boot Linux or anything else.
The second part is the hardware drivers for Windows. You'd need to find linux drivers for all of the hardware and that could prove to be difficult. Especially since the drivers are also what control the MB fans, IIRC. I remember early on when people were hacking the first Intel Macs to run Windows the fans running at full speed or not at all seemed to be common problems.