Do you want a better lens that covers the same focal length, a lens that covers a different focal length (wider or longer) or perhaps better low-light performance.
If you want a better lens in the same rough focal length then the Canon (I've never considered third party lenses so I know nothing about the Sigma and Tamron options)
EF-S 17-85 IS USM lens is OK (I've got one). It's much better than the kit lens but still has some CA issues and distortion and the extremes. If you are willing to sacrifice length then the
EF-S 17-55 IS USM is meant to be fantastic, almost
L quality. It's also pretty fast at a constant f/2.8 so will work well in low light.
Unfortunately I think both of these cost more that $400.
So if you want low-light capabilities and sharper images with less CAs and lens distortions it might be worth looking at primes. The 50mm f/1.8 is amazing value for money and the 50mm f/1.4 is within your price range as well. Both are worth considering.
If you want to cover a different range then we'd need to know if it's wider or longer...