No. I have some experience of the Bluetooth frameworks on Mac OSX and was going to create some cheap apps to allow the sending of contacts and photos over Bluetooth. But there is no access to the Bluetooth stack at all. The entire IOBluetooth framework that you would use on the desktop is missing.
It might be possible to open a low-level BSD socket if you knew the path to use but I doubt that that would work unless Apple have pre-created a Bluetooth serial port for this access (and if they have they haven't made it public).