No, will not happen unless:
- your Windows partition can read Mac volumes (a la Macdrive) or
- you move the file over to the Windows partition intentionally
In each case, it only increases the possibility of infection. You still have to run/activate the virus to get affected. You can always get a free virus scanner for OS X if this potential bothers you (I use clamxav). Even if you don't need it yourself, it's always good to be prepared for the future and not spread viruses to Windows users.