For best security, I wouldn't recommend storing the password in your keychain at all. There's a little checkbox that comes up when creating the disk image's password (forgot to mention it) asking whether to store the image's password in the keychain. I would be too paranoid that if someone had physical access to my machine, the most likely case when this level of security would be needed, then a proficient user could gain access to the disk image somehow since the password is ultimately stored on the same disk as the encrypted data. Maybe not.
In any case, if the keychain were to "forget" the disk image password, you would need to be able to remember what it was to access the image again. This is the second reason I don't recommend storing the password in your keychain. By storing it there, I would think that you'd be prone to forget the password for the image since it would be automatically opened without needed to know it through use of the stored password in the keychain...particularly if its a very unique and difficult to remember password. By requiring yourself to enter the password every time you need to access the encrypted files you greatly lessen the chance that you'll forget the password over time and lose access to your important files.