Hey. Thanks for posting what you've tried to get this to work.
Here's my story...
After the lack of responses here in the forum I decided to try and get help from the source.
I first called Apple Care to see what they had to say about this. I spoke to three separate people, none was really able to help me. The last person was a 2nd tier guy who said that what I was trying to do was not supported. When I tried to explain that I was getting errors in the Console that sounded like it should work but couldn't he told me to ignore that. Similarly, my questions about why would Apple have connecting as an Apple ID as an option in the user interface at all if it wasn't supposed to work were similarly rebuffed. Overall, I think that these guys are trained to not speak geek to customers.
Anyway, after I got off the phone it miraculously starting working! I was able to connect with my Apple ID! Coincidence? I don't know. I decided that there must be something on Apple's end that flipped the switch so I experimented with deleting and then restoring various keychains, certificates, etc. I never did figure out why it suddenly started working.
Being told that it wasn't supposed to work got me a little worried so I did a clean install and as expected, connecting as an Apple ID was broken again. But I was still a little curious and not 100% satisfied with the answers I had gotten so I made an appointment with the Genius Bar at my local store. The guy I met there listened to me, checked my settings, explained that what I was trying to do was not really supported for my specific scenario. It might be made to work in other scenarios but to not worry because connecting as a Registered User rather and an Apple ID is the proper way for connecting to remote shares. In fact, he said if it ever starts working again on its own like that, that I should come back to the store to show him because it's not supposed to work. I don't know if that's completely true but he was the friendliest of the bunch and his story seemed believable and plausible.
I haven't tried to make this work with an Apple ID since. I'm not going to bother with it for now and especially since it seemed glitchy and I don't really know what it's doing behind the scenes. I'm more concerned about security than convenience.
So, good luck to you. If you have any questions about my experience I'd be more than happy to elaborate.