100% will not damage the laptop.
Next to my sofa I have a 65w Anker charger that I use with the MagSafe cable, and it charges my 14" MBP just perfectly. I also have an Anker 100w charger in my bag along with another MagSafe cable and that works just fine as well. The 96w Apple brick that the laptop came with it sitting at the office -- I use it to charge my iPads and my laptop if I need to when I take them to work. It's larger than either of the Anker ones, so I haven't been carrying it around.
With the 65w charger, I've seen the MBP charge with up to 58w (according to Coconut Battery). With the 100w charger, I've seen it draw up to 79w. Not a controlled scientific test, BTW, since battery state of charge before plugging in wasn't equal, etc. Just observational.
If you're charging with a less than 35w charger, it's possible that whatever you're doing on the laptop could consume more power than is going in (for example, you're pegging the CPU and GPU at 100% sustained and have the screen brightness up high), so it won't charge or will continue to deplete the battery until you're finished or you put the laptop to sleep. That's the worst that can happen. But over 45w and you're probably going to be just fine. The more watts your charger can put out, the faster your laptop will charge. But the laptop will not draw more power than it can handle.
I've charged my previous laptop with a 20w iPad Pro charger. It took hours sitting closed, but it won't damage anything.