I would like to clone the existing 500 SSD (2 partitions: Catalina and Monterey) from my MBP 9.2 to the 1 TB SSD (keeping the 2 partitions).
Many ways to do this, here is one:
Connect the 1TB to your Mac externally.
Format and partition it using Disk Utility.
Boot into Catalina on the 500GB SSD.
Do fresh install of Catalina on one of the partitions of the 1TB SSD.
Once fresh install finishes, do migration assistant, using Catalina from the 500GB as the source.
Boot in any of the Catalina or Monterey OSs.
Do fresh install of Monterey on the unused partition of the 1TB SSD.
Once fresh install finishes, do migration assistant, using Monterey from the 500GB as the source.
Enjoy.
If you don't want to use Migration Assistant, you can use a cloning SW like CCC.