This is from the experts. It is true imo. 75%+ of all "good" jobs are gotten through knowing someone and/or their connections. USE the people you know...
Sending out hundreds of resumes and cold calling are largely a waste of time.
Absolutely. Most small-ish studios (i.e. without an HR department) don't have the time -- or energy -- to handle every request for an interview. You either need to come in with strong references or build a strong enough reputation in the area that they know of your work and want to check you out.
Its a bit of an ugly truth, but the only people who get through the door at my studio are ones who have been recommended by another designer that we respect and trust. Design is a small industry. Studio owners know each other. Talented and dedicated young designers make a name for themselves.
Larger studios -- advertising agencies / interactive agencies like sapient or razorfish / television studios, etc -- do usually have a HR department or a hiring manager who's job it is is to find strong applicants. These are the type of people you can contact directly. If they think you have a strong portfolio, they will work as an advocate within the company to bring you in.
Most young designers work their way into employment via internships - often taken while in school. They either make themselves so indispensable that the company wants to hire them, or they leave their internship with a new group of "friends" who will serve as references and advocates for you at other studios.
Post-school, many designers use organizations like the AIGA to network. The local chapter's social hours / meetings / and lectures are great places to connect with other designers. The friendships you make here can often lead to inside connections and opportunities.
One thing that many younger designers don't quite realize is that -- because of the economy -- you are no longer competing against other young designers. With all the layoffs and studio closings taking place, you are also competing against designers with up to 10 years of experience. Think carefully about the skills and abilities that set you apart and make you unique.
As a studio owner, hiring is one of most important decisions I can make, as I am essentially committing to making an investment in that employee. You don't want to make a mistake. Studios are small and often have delicate dynamics. One wrong member and everyone in the office is affected.
But -- as a graphic design educator -- one of my greatest joys is the opportunity to flip through my rolodex, call up a colleague and say "I have a designer that you need to meet"...