SATA connectors used in external enclosures are just electrical contacts (wire), not active circuits.
So it will pass 1.5Gb/s, 3.0Gb/s, or 6.0Gb/s, depending on the slowest link in the chain (drive or SATA controller it's attached to). But if both the disk and card are capable of negotiating 6.0Mb/s, that's what they'll connect at.
Keep in mind, with 6.0Gb/s, mechanical disks cannot come close to saturating it (can't even saturate 3.0Gb/s), so it's really suited to recent SSD's which can exceed 3.0Gb/s throughputs.