My first question is, are you sure your contacts are in iCloud? Since you see no contacts at iCloud.com, that suggests they may be in another mail account - Gmail, Yahoo, AOL, a corporate Exchange server, etc. - all of these are capable of storing contacts.
You can determine which account newly-created contacts are added to by going to Settings > Contacts > Default Account (change that if you prefer new contacts be added elsewhere).
Thanks. I had the default set to gmail. I’ve switched it to iCloud. Still nothing.
Next, be sure those accounts are actually logged in:
Go to Settings > Passwords & Accounts
Tap on each account you have setup - if you're not signed in, you'll generally either see a link to sign-in, or you may get a popup asking you to sign in.
Accounts that can store contacts will have a toggle for Contacts. If a particular account's Contacts toggle is OFF on iPad but ON for iPhone (or vice versa), that's a potential cause for your missing contacts.
I’ve got contacts selected green under iCloud here.
You can also test your login by using the Mail app to send yourself a test email: From: [username@domain] To: [same username@same domain]. If your login is good, the test message should make the round-trip
this works. All my emails pop up on both devices.
Next, do this on both iPhone and iPad:
In the Contacts app select Groups. Does it display just iCloud, or are there other mail accounts listed as well? Is there an On This iPhone/On This iPad group?
only my phone has an option for groups. I have both gmail and iCloud selected. No other options are available.
You can determine what contacts are in which of those Groups by de-selecting the blue check-marks for all but one Group at a time (click Done after choosing the one Group to view).
EDIT
So I've found that I've got 2 groups- gmail and icloud. The gmail contacts aren't showing up on the ipad. How do I send the gmail contacts to icloud? I'd rather not log in to ogmail on my ipad.
Once you know which accounts have your contacts, you'll have a better idea of where your problem(s) may be. For example, you may have a contacts-bearing account setup on iPhone that is not setup on iPad (or vice versa).
If you have On This iPhone/On This iPad, it means you have contacts that are not being synced to the cloud at all. You can force those to be added to your iCloud account:
Turn Contacts OFF in Settings > [your name] > iCloud.
You'll be asked if you want to keep the contacts on your iPhone/iPad - say yes
Turn Contacts ON in Settings > [your name] > iCloud
You'll be asked if you want to merge the contacts on your iPhone with iCloud - say yes