It doesn't matter how fast your disk is, I got 17MB/sec with a USB3 disk that clocks at 170MB/sec. I think the port must only be USB 2, but it doesn't even acheive that much speed (USB 2 should be ~30MB/sec). I doubt that you can put a disk inside an airport extreme, I was talking about the time capsule (which looks the same but is different inside).
The other annoying thing about the time capsule is that the internal disk "goes to sleep" almost immediately as soon as it stops accessing. This makes it seem even slower, because the disk has to spin up each time. Don't know if that would be the same with an external disk, I never really tested that. I suppose it wouldn't be an issue with an SSD... if you want to cripple your SSD with 20MB/sec performance.
However, you can use it as a slow network drive if you attach an external disk, assuming that you have a use for such a thing. Should be able to connect to it from Macs and PC's.