"Is there someway within Mac OS to check the transfer speeds?"
The only way I can think of is to "try each one and see what you get".
Pick a "known good USB3 drive".
Then connect it to the Mac with each cable.
Once connected, run something like BlackMagic Speed Test on the drive and record the results.
Then, disconnect and re-connect with the NEXT cable. Repeat.
Etc. Etc.
As mentioned above, the USBa cables with the "blue ends" are USB3.
I would assume that if it DOES NOT have the blue end, it's either USB2 or even USB1.