Erm, short answers: Yes, of course, although not drastically. Yes, although to a lesser extent than overall performance. Short of using lower resolutions or not using two displays or a computer with a more powerful video card, not too much. What precisely are you concerned about? What's your usage profile? What are you afraid will not work suitably once the second screen is up?
And (regarding the Mac Pro) depends on the task involved, in terms of the amount of reliance on the video card and memory, and the extent to which the application is properly threaded. You probably won't see the factor of 2x very often, though.