The eclecticlightcompany has an article today titled "macOS Sonoma has changed iCloud Drive radically”. Much of it is waaay over my head, but may make sense/be of interest to others.
Its conclusions are:
Summary
Sonoma brings radical changes to iCloud Drive, including the removal of traditional stub files for those files evicted to iCloud.
Those changes may result in macOS completely wiping local iCloud Drive storage and downloading its entire contents from iCloud.
That appears more likely to occur if you have Optimise Mac Storage turned off, and some files evicted to iCloud Drive.
If you’re not prepared to turn Optimise Mac Storage on before upgrading to Sonoma, you may have to wait for all your files stored in iCloud Drive to be downloaded to your Mac.
macOS Sonoma has changed iCloud Drive radically
The small stub files used as placeholders for files evicted to iCloud Drive have vanished. Could that be why some Macs had to download the whole contents of their iCloud Drive?
eclecticlight.co
Its conclusions are:
Summary
Sonoma brings radical changes to iCloud Drive, including the removal of traditional stub files for those files evicted to iCloud.
Those changes may result in macOS completely wiping local iCloud Drive storage and downloading its entire contents from iCloud.
That appears more likely to occur if you have Optimise Mac Storage turned off, and some files evicted to iCloud Drive.
If you’re not prepared to turn Optimise Mac Storage on before upgrading to Sonoma, you may have to wait for all your files stored in iCloud Drive to be downloaded to your Mac.