Thunderbolt 3 could be bottleneck here - never as fast as PCIE. It's about 20-30% performance drop comparing to internal GPU.
This is the question that many users wants to know: How much performance drop of my Video Card i will have if i put it in the eGPU with Thunderbolt 1,...
egpu.io
Internal is best (no jokes...)
And the performance drop can vary according to task. 10%-30%, sure. Again. Upon task.
As for PCIE. Be nice when Apple gets all their Macs on PCIE Express 4...
And if Intel updates Thunderbolt 3/4 to 5 with an actual bandwidth/performance boost.
And if Apple optimises their apps for eGPU further.
What's the original poster's spec? (Duh. I noticed thread title...iMac Pro base model.)
I'd wait until the end of the year for AMD's next gpu. 'Big Navi.'
Then you'll definitely notice the eGPU boost over the Vega 56. It's a decent card or was. But it's old now.
AMD/Mac have been hanging onto the Polaris 580s, Vega 56/64s for a while now. The Radeon VII stop gap. We've only just got the 5700XT which has been out ages.
If you want to pick up a cheap eGPU chass' plus another Vega 56 or Radeon 5700XT you'll get a boost on a rendering workload for something like Blender 3D. Sometimes it's less sometimes it's more dramatic. Again. Depending on task. Price for this could vary from £400-600. Depending on Chassis Sonnet/Razor vs Vega 56/5700XT.)
To be fair. It's hardly cutting edge.
Big Navi can't come soon enough. And then Apple will prob' only offer it on the Mac Pro for kidney prices.
So the only option will be to eGPU it.
Azrael.