I think you may have shot yourself in the foot! (screwed the pooch, etc, etc)
(Now you know it is a really bad idea to try a major install on batteries only
)
I suspect that you have a corrupted SMC update, which may not be repairable, without replacing the logic board.
I have not seen a firmware update that would start without warning you that the power adapter needed to be attached.
Be sure to try the SMC reset again - double-check you are following the exact steps, as outlined in this article:
http://support.apple.com/kb/HT3964
and - I'm out of ideas.
Take it in for service. (An Apple-authorized service shop or Apple store has other factory tests that MAY have other, potentially good, results, such as "kick-starting" (individually testing) the fan.