You can set your Finder so that columns view is the default for all windows (I think)
That is NOT the same as displaying the same columns on all windows (same spacing, same column level)
I suspect that Apple recognizes that no folder will be the same as any other folder (unless the actual files in a folder are actually identical - which would be highly unusual, don't you think?) so makes no allowance for providing a setting that is in reality not very useful --- when you would be changing individual folders as you use them, anyway.
Think about it - don't you change spacing, sorting, opening folders as needed, then leaving them, which continually changes how columns appear?
So, yes, you would change folders as you need to change them, right? One at a time, because you are in, well, one folder at a time.
But, there is probably a way to do something like you want with Automator and/or AppleScript. (note - I don't know how to do this, but someone here may offer some help with that.