I'm pretty sure you have to ask the kernel, which means using the Mach API. Don't know of any Cocoa wrappers. You might want to try cracking open a widget like iStat Pro to see how it's done elsewhere.
You don't have to hit the kernel directly... there are carbon functions for some of this... check out this thread, it might help get you started: https://forums.macrumors.com/threads/608084/