I'm a developer. It's not possible to get this information using Apple's APIs so no app store app could do it. I'm not even sure how you would do it even on a jailbroken phone as I don't think anyone has figured out how to read the raw NMEA from the GPS hardware.
That's a real shame that this limitation exists. That is the route Garmin went with the iQue models. You couldn't get at the NMEA data. This really limits communication with external devices. If NMEA was available the iPhone could be used to communicate externally with marine navigation devices.