I also have a Canon Pixma printer (an i4000) and the upgrade to Mavericks killed that; Gutenprint works fine, however once you have installed the Gutenprint driver from the .DMG (which you have done) you will need to re-add the Printer and set it up to use the Gutenprint driver.
All I did was go into "System Preferences", "Printers and Scanners", then remove the 'current' Pixma Printer, and add a new one - clicking on the "+" symbol it found it (when it was plugged in via USB and powered on, of course) and when I added it, I set it to use the Gutenprint driver.
That's all I needed, and I have the printer working fine now.
This is a relief, as Canon have zero interest in updating drivers for older Printers in the Pixma range - their initial advice was I go and buy a new printer...