Here's what I do to keep a Mac running "on the fast side" of things.
I partition the internal drive.
I maintain a "boot partition" which will contain
- OS X itself
- My applications and utilities
- A "trimmed down" home folder
This doesn't have to be really large -- say, under 50-60gig, or even smaller.
I maintain one [or more] "data partitions" that contain my "general files". This is stuff that most folks would simply allow the OS to put into their "home folders", but I'm used to doing it "the OS 9 way" (that is, I put my files where _I_ want them to go), and it's worked very well for me over 23 years of Macintosh use.
I further segregate my "more important data files" from those "less important", such as pics, videos, and non-critical stuff (by "critical files", I mean things like health records, tax records, financial records, etc.). This way I can keep the most important files in a "small container" that is easily and quickly backed up. The non-critical stuff isn't backed up [very much], simply because it's stuff "I can live without".
I occasionally defrag the boot partition as well as do the other routine maintenence tasks. This "bunches up" all the files on it, so the drive doesn't have to "go hunting around" to reach them at boot time.
With a smaller-size dedicated "boot partition" that isn't all "cobbed up" with non-essential files, it's easy to keep that boot partition "lean, mean, and clean". This means easy startups and a smoother overall "feel".