My experience with Photos' duplicate abilities is a bit mixed. It seems to detect quite a few of them, but then I've also imported some duplicates (edited photos, I can't recall if they retained EXIF information or if it was stripped) and Photos didn't catch them. I don't know exactly what criteria it looks for, but it seems to err on the side of caution.
If you do find duplicates within Photos, there's no way to view two images side by side (which also makes it very difficult when trying to determine what to keep when you have a sequence of photos that are incredibly similar). If they're true duplicates then it shouldn't really matter which one you delete.
In theory, there is a piece of software called
PhotoSweeper that should do exactly what you're looking for. It claims to be able to work within a Photos library, but you can also run it on other locations. That might save you some time, if you run it across all of your drives and deal with duplicates before importing into Photos. I haven't used it yet (I'm still consolidating photos as well), but it seemed to receive fair reviews when I was originally looking for a solution to this problem. It has a free trial, too. Probably worth checking out.