Your data is as secure as you make it.
If you jailbreak to tether and install nothing else you are as secure as you were stock. What makes you insecure is installing tweaks/apps you do not understand from sketchy repos or lack of attention to what you install.
For instance, many people install OpenSSH. OpenSSH allows you to use Terminal on a Mac to interact with the file system on your phone. It requires passwords. And guess what? There is a default password for both the root and the guest user. It's "alpine". Most new jailbreakers who install OpenSSH do not realize this and anyone who knows the default password could try and access your device via OpenSSH on a WiFi network. If you have not changed the passwords then you just gave away access to your device.
The major difference between jailbreak and stock is that Apple is not protecting you. Thus, you have to take responsibility for your device and be sure about what you allow on it.
That said, Cydia is a business. Just like the Apple store, money is involved. Amazon, Paypal, etc. It is bad for business to have rampant piracy or tweaks/apps that invade privacy. The stock repos within Cydia are therefore essentially above board. Yes, there have been instances of bad tweaks/apps phoning home or keyloggers and such like that. But the JB community is small. Word gets around.
I would argue that if you are attentive a jailbroken phone is actually more secure. It was jailbreak devs that wrote patches to fix Apple security holes before Apple. Tweaks such as iCaughtU Pro can prevent theft or help to get the thief arrested. So, just do your due diligence as you are now responsible for your own device.
As to who makes tweaks and apps, techheads who know a lot about coding. Some of them even end up working for Apple. But the majority of them write these tweaks/apps out of love for the JB community - and often for a little (very small) profit.