That is the reason why one should ALWAYS just download (not: install) the newest (mostly for one year very buggy) OS... as long as it is the "newest" one and appears as "update" in the App Store-app.
Once you downloaded it, it is registered as "purchased and ready to install". So you have always access to the OS, even if you never installed it - and even if apple decides to no longer allow you in future times to download "purchased" OS!
NEVER click on "automatically update" . ALWAYS keep yourself independent by choosing "Manual update" - but then always look for security updates and so on and install them.
Even if you only downloaded but not installed the last OS-version but a previous version from before, once you install it, you will be able to update to the latest version before the next version entered the market... (I think this works maybe even automatically)
you can also download the installer several times and copy it on a CD or so. By doing that it is not even necessary to download it once you want to install. Ive, I personally wait always just to the very last version of a "new" OS before installing it. This is the time always just after the next OS after begins its buggy existence in autumn...
After you installed a new OS, you will be asked if you want to delete the installer or if you want to keep the installer.
I prefer always to keep the installer. This is time-saving and makes you independent of sudden non-previsible changes in apple´s customer policies...
(you never know...). Once you have an installer, nobody but you yourself can make it disappear/erase....