Ok, so the issue is clear. You have an old-fashioned spinning hard drive, which does not operate very well with OS Catalina. The solution is to run the system from an external USB3 SSD - you seem to use very little of your storage space so you don't have to spend a lot. SSDs are cheap now - I would go with buying a drive like this:
https://www.amazon.com/PNY-Elite-48...ords=external+SSD+500GB&qid=1603802161&sr=8-5, though really any USB 3.0 SSD with enough storage will do. You could even use a 250GB drive if you want to save more money.
Using Disk Utility, format the external drive using APFS (you can call the drive 'Macintosh SSD' if you like, so as to avoid confusion). Then, using Carbon Copy Cloner 'clone' your Macintosh HD drive to the new 'Macintosh SSD' drive.
Then go on Startup Volume (under system preferences), select the Macintosh SSD drive, and restart your computer.
That's it, you are done - enjoy your 'new' computer. You will immediately notice a huge difference! Just make sure the SSD is always connected to the USB plug on the machine - you could tape it at the back if you like, and you won't even see it.
You will now have a spare 1TB hard drive in your machine - once you are happy that everything is running well, I would erase this drive. You could use it for media storage, Time Machine backups, or really anything else.