Inkscape will still run but it will not have a retina mode because it uses XQuartz as the windowing system (to show the app on screen basically) and XQuartz will likely never have retina support.
Even on Windows if you spring for a high resolution screen you might have issues with the Windows HiDPI mode if the app isn't updated to use modern screens correctly. So since Inkscape still uses XQuartz on Windows, you will have a similar issue unless something changed since I last looked into it. Or you could get a lower resolution screen and mask the issue that way.
However, running at the more space mode (on a 15 inch - 1920x1200 HiDPI) the pixelation is hard to see (and the default resolution of 1440x900 seems odd for a 15 inch model as it’s the same as the 13 inch Air).
Also, can you not run Inkscape on your 2016 MacBook and see how it looks on a retina screen?