By default, apps are installed for all users in /Applications. Apps for a single user are put in ~/Applications.
The only thing to watch is that there may be licensing issues - is an app licensed for a single person or for the computer. All that depends on the app and how it does (or doesn't) enforce its license.
Your examples (Office and Adobe) are licensed to a user and enforce their rules by requiring each user to connect using their Microsoft or Adobe account. Each user will have their own app settings which are stored somewhere in ~/Library.
Edit: Adobe updates may cause problems. It is so convoluted how updates are installed. That might need careful testing.