The iPad charges via USB too!
USB is 5 volts, regardless if you comes from your computer's USB port or if it comes from a USB charging brick/block. However, the amount of current each can supply varies.
How much current your computer's USB port can supply is partially determined by how many other USB devices are plugged into it. Generally, the most you can get out of it is 500 milliamps (.5 amp). But that CAN be reduced if you have a lot of power hungry USB devices.
The iPhone's USB charging brick is rated at 1 amp. Depending on the load, that CAN still deliver 10 watts (the rating given for the iPad charging brick). So, it is entirely possible the iPad's charging brick will be identical.
However, I suspect the iPad's USB charging brick will be rated at 1.5-2 amps. We'll know soon.
Regardless of rating, I suspect the iPhone USB charging brick and the iPad USB charging brick will charge the iPad in roughly the same amount of time. At the very least, both will be significantly faster than your computer's USB port.
Mark