This comes up EVERY year. You can charge any Apple device with any 5 V DC charger. 5 Volts is the pressure, 2 Amps, etc., is the LIMIT of what the charger can produce. The device will take what it wants to charge. If you search, you will find tons of threads on this...
More:
The standard iPhone charger is what it is because it's cheap and gets the job done. The iPad charger is larger because it needs to be. (Have you ever SEEN an iPad battery(ies)?). The iPhone charger takes forever to charge an iPad. Either are technically fine for either device, it's a matter of time. The battery *may* get a little warmer with more current inrush, but (1) it doesn't really matter and (2) if it matters after a few years, who still has their device then?