Surely it would be dangerous if the battery ran out half way through doing an os update or restore, so guessing they make it at least trickle charge so this can't happen?
But when you plug the iPad into a Mac, it will charge as normal.
Seems like something may be built in or programed into the iPad to prevent it from charging normally on PC's.
I've just learned not to fret about the battery when I have the iPad hooked up to a computer, having it hooked up all day isn't going to harm the battery whether it charges or not, and when I want to be sure it charges, I just plug it into the wall charger.