As far as I can tell, simply having them on does nothing for the battery. But...
Having things like a location-based reminder can potentially cause battery drain as it'll periodically check your location by whatever means it can (cell, wifi, GPS).
Being followed by Find My Friends could also drain the battery a bit faster as it also will periodically update your location.
Checking the weather with the 'show local weather' could potentially do the same thing (though most likely it's just polling cell towers and not really hitting the GPS for this).
And of course, having an app like Navagon or Google Latitude up and running constantly checking your location will burn down the battery in a few hours.