It could be due to cooling. My MacBook Pro sits on my existing laptop cooler which sits on a LCD monitor arm tray. That's why I originally asked if your issue is thermal throttling
This is the laptop cooler I use originally for my Windows 10 laptop Lenovo X1 Carbon gen 6 which died
https://www.amazon.com.au/dp/B00FPR8FLY. It's large enough to cool the ports of devices on either side of a 14 inch laptop as well. Definitely served me well for the past 7+ years
Thermaltake Massive 14 Steel Mesh Panel Dual 140mm Blue LED Fan Adjustable Speed Control 10"-17" Laptop Notebook Cooling Pad
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So maybe your issue is CPU thermal throttling + on battery auto performance ?
These are my performance and efficiency core CPU clock frequencies after Cinebench 2024 run
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edit: actually maybe it's due to performance modes + thermals
out of box Macbook Pro set to auto for on battery and on AC power adaptor modes. My above run was on AC power adaptor mode with high performance
here's on battery with auto = 1545 and high performance = 1607
on auto CPU performance cores hovered around 3.3-3.35Ghz with efficiency cores around 2.59Ghz and fans pegged at 4900-5330 rpms
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on high CPU performance cores hovered around 3.57-3.66Ghz with efficiency cores around 2.59Ghzand fans pegged at 7200-7840 rpms
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