Hey I'm not 100% sure on this but I've just got a 2009 Mac Pro and been reading up/told a lot of things about it. I think the problems you're having at the moment are:
- No OS X on the Hard Drive to boot into
- No display as the graphics card isn't supported while booting up (and possibly in OS X)
I think you need to try and get a Mac Pro graphics card (such as the GT120 which is the original card and about £50/$70 on eBay), an iTunes/Apple App store account and an internet connection.
If you replace your current graphics card with a Mac Pro card (not a flashed/unsupported compatible one) you will likely see something a grey screen with a ? folder, similar to this:
Once you can see that, turn off your Mac. If you have the recovery disks for the machine the insert them and boot up and hold Command (⌘) when you hear the chime. If you don't have the recovery disks you may be able to recover from the internet. Locate the command (⌘) and R key and boot up while holding these keys.
If everything goes well you should see a screen asking you to install Mac OS X as well as a few other options. It would be an idea to use disk utility (one of the options on the screen) to format your new hard drive before installing OS X.
After following the steps through and waiting while your computer downloads the Mac OS X software you should have a fresh install of Mac OS X on your Mac Pro.
TLDR:
- Swap the graphics card for a Mac Pro graphics card
- Insert recovery disk if available and boot up while holding down the command (⌘) key, or
- Boot up while holding the command (⌘) + R keys until you see the Apple logo with a loading bar beneath it
- Format your hard drive using disk utility
- Select to install Mac OS X (you will need an Apple id/iTunes/App store account to log into)
As I say I'm not 100% on these steps as I can't go through them right now on my machine to check, also I'm not 100% if your machine will be capable of installing Mac OS X from the internet as the last machine I did this with was a 2012 Mac Mini.
Hopefully if there's any errors someone else will correct me, but it should be a point in the right direction.