Mac2K: The Years’ 2038 and 2040 Problems
WikiPost struck: 31 January 2023
Last edited: 31 January 2023
OVERVIEW
For folks who use PowerPC and even Intel Macs (prior to, say, macOS 10.15 Catalina), it’s never too soon or too late to start planning for the impending, dual Y2K-like hard limits of the POSIX-based “Year 2038” — or Y2K38 — 32-bit problem, or the uniquely Apple-specific Hierarchical File System (HFS/HFS+) “Year 2040” — or Y2K40 — problem.
This thread, which for the moment is going to be a WikiPost placeholder (for more, undoubtedly, to be appended later by MR forum folks), invites that discussion to help us to manage the continued use of our vintage Macs beyond both 2038 and 2040.
Our PowerPC and Early Intel Macs may be “old” by whatever metric one uses, but consider how that’s only fifteen years from now. We know folks who are stll running original, 68K-based Macintoshes right at this moment (including, possibly, you reading this!). The eldest surviving, running examples of the Macintosh 128K are now nearing forty.
MACS (PARTLY OR COMPLETELY) IN THE CLEAR
We already know Mac OS 9.2.2 and some earlier, Classic versions of Mac OS are unaffected by the 32-bit-based POSIX bug.
Mac OS, prior to Apple’s integration of the NeXTSTEP OS in 1997, was not based on the UNIX epoch (which began 1 January 1970 at 00:00:00 UTC; the earliest date POSIX32 can register is 13 December 1901 at 20:45:52 UTC, whereas the latest is 19 January 2038 at 03:14:07 UTC — basically, pi-o’clock! 🥧, but sadly no 🍏🥧 for our systems which rely, in some part, on 32-bit addressing).
Unfortunately, HFS and HFS+ are not a part of that, which means both Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X have another barrier. File and directory dates on HFS/HFS+ are limited to the same, 32-bit-based problem shared with POSIX — albeit with a epochal twist.
You’ve probably seen this at least once whilst stumbling upon a file creation/modification date of 1 January 1904. The other end of this HFS epoch is set to arrive on 6 February 2040 at 06:28:15 UTC — a Monday morning, no less.
For folks running some iteration of macOS 10.13 and later on their Intel Macs (going as far back as selected Penryn Core 2 Duo models from 2008, or even earlier Macs with swapped-out CPUs), much of the Y2K40 HFS+ problem is obviated by running APFS, in lieu of HFS+, for your boot volume.
Folks on macOS 10.15 Catalina and later, meanwhile, don’t need to worry about running across 32-bit code (as Apple phased out system ability to run 32-bit binaries after macOS 10.14 Mojave). Moreover, macOS 10.15 and later isn’t designed to recognize HFS+ volumes, but 10.15 and later should be able to read other, 64-bit-based file systems.
THIS THREAD’S GOALS
This WikiPost thread is being struck to facilitate discussion, collaboration, and fixes for both the Y2K38 and Y2K40 problems as they affect our Macs.
Simple solutions for selected situations notwithstanding (see examples from the previous section), there will be circumstances for which simple solutions cannot remedy. Fixes could come in the form of patches to software or even to firmware, or in migrating HFS/HFS+ volumes to non-APFS-related formats which older Macs can continue to read and/or write.
MORE TO BE ADDED HERE
This, for the moment, is a placeholder post for bookmarking. It’s up to you all to bring together what you know.
WikiPost struck: 31 January 2023
Last edited: 31 January 2023
OVERVIEW
For folks who use PowerPC and even Intel Macs (prior to, say, macOS 10.15 Catalina), it’s never too soon or too late to start planning for the impending, dual Y2K-like hard limits of the POSIX-based “Year 2038” — or Y2K38 — 32-bit problem, or the uniquely Apple-specific Hierarchical File System (HFS/HFS+) “Year 2040” — or Y2K40 — problem.
This thread, which for the moment is going to be a WikiPost placeholder (for more, undoubtedly, to be appended later by MR forum folks), invites that discussion to help us to manage the continued use of our vintage Macs beyond both 2038 and 2040.
Our PowerPC and Early Intel Macs may be “old” by whatever metric one uses, but consider how that’s only fifteen years from now. We know folks who are stll running original, 68K-based Macintoshes right at this moment (including, possibly, you reading this!). The eldest surviving, running examples of the Macintosh 128K are now nearing forty.
MACS (PARTLY OR COMPLETELY) IN THE CLEAR
We already know Mac OS 9.2.2 and some earlier, Classic versions of Mac OS are unaffected by the 32-bit-based POSIX bug.
Mac OS, prior to Apple’s integration of the NeXTSTEP OS in 1997, was not based on the UNIX epoch (which began 1 January 1970 at 00:00:00 UTC; the earliest date POSIX32 can register is 13 December 1901 at 20:45:52 UTC, whereas the latest is 19 January 2038 at 03:14:07 UTC — basically, pi-o’clock! 🥧, but sadly no 🍏🥧 for our systems which rely, in some part, on 32-bit addressing).
Unfortunately, HFS and HFS+ are not a part of that, which means both Mac OS 9 and Mac OS X have another barrier. File and directory dates on HFS/HFS+ are limited to the same, 32-bit-based problem shared with POSIX — albeit with a epochal twist.
You’ve probably seen this at least once whilst stumbling upon a file creation/modification date of 1 January 1904. The other end of this HFS epoch is set to arrive on 6 February 2040 at 06:28:15 UTC — a Monday morning, no less.
For folks running some iteration of macOS 10.13 and later on their Intel Macs (going as far back as selected Penryn Core 2 Duo models from 2008, or even earlier Macs with swapped-out CPUs), much of the Y2K40 HFS+ problem is obviated by running APFS, in lieu of HFS+, for your boot volume.
Folks on macOS 10.15 Catalina and later, meanwhile, don’t need to worry about running across 32-bit code (as Apple phased out system ability to run 32-bit binaries after macOS 10.14 Mojave). Moreover, macOS 10.15 and later isn’t designed to recognize HFS+ volumes, but 10.15 and later should be able to read other, 64-bit-based file systems.
THIS THREAD’S GOALS
This WikiPost thread is being struck to facilitate discussion, collaboration, and fixes for both the Y2K38 and Y2K40 problems as they affect our Macs.
Simple solutions for selected situations notwithstanding (see examples from the previous section), there will be circumstances for which simple solutions cannot remedy. Fixes could come in the form of patches to software or even to firmware, or in migrating HFS/HFS+ volumes to non-APFS-related formats which older Macs can continue to read and/or write.
MORE TO BE ADDED HERE
This, for the moment, is a placeholder post for bookmarking. It’s up to you all to bring together what you know.
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