anything to do with images will be paging to disk with 24 GB RAM
I opened mail, preview, Lightroom (imported 500 photos), Photoshop (6 images), excel, word, OneNote, PowerPoint, pages, numbers, FileZilla, keynote, Topaz AI, Topaz Denoiser, notes, photos, contacts, WhatsApp, TurboTax on my machine. I was only using 17Gig of memory. Memory pressure was low green.
I have been using systems for 55 years, worked with systems that swapped for much of that time. Swapping was an issue with spinning rust, even some of the early solid state systems. With the speed of SSDs swapping is no longer an issue. The only time swap is going to be used is when switching apps. When using apps, such as Photoshop, everything will be loaded into memory. Apps while running generally do not swap. It is no big deal if the OS swaps the app to disk when the app does not have current focus.
When using normal productivity apps (word, excel, mail, PowerPoint, etc.) no one will notice that swapping is taking place. Even using Photoshop with massive images, (3’x6’, 300 DPI, with 32 layers) there were no, performance problems. If swapping was used it was most certainly not noticeable. Performance did not suffer.
I have imported 4,700 images into Lightroom without getting out of low green for memory pressure. The import took several minutes (with preview building) and the CPU was at 95% the entire time. Exporting those same images, changing the format, also did not affect memory pressure.
What is "enough for you" just depends on whether or not a 2025 buyer wants to spend $2k on a MBP and save $400 by choosing less RAM at the cost of sub-optimal operation.
What I did was more than most people would be doing. This is with 24Gig of memory. I would say that is far from “sub-optimal”. And it worked just fine.
Lesser RAM is like putting automobile tires on a full size pickup truck
There is also the possibility of putting “Z” rated tires on a Corolla. Buying more than what is needed is a waste of money that can be better spent elsewhere.
24Gig will serve the majority of the users. Those that need more know who they are and will configure as much as possible. Buying 48Gig when 24Gig will remain unused the overwhelming majority of the time is a waste of money.
A person’s workload is not going to increase 25% every 8 years. What works today will work 8 years from now. This can be proven by the number of people still running 8 year old Macs.