Graflok is a type of back on a large-format camera. Pretty much the only type these days. Just Google Image search for one, I've never actually seen a good explanation of what a 'graflok back' is - they just kind of are.
I can't tell much from this particular photo, but the rear of that camera appears to be from an old Polaroid roll film camera - like a 110A or 110B. Perhaps a Polaroid roll film camera with some kind of reflex attachment.