Much better, thanks! I don't see anything suspicious on the list that would cause any of your issues.
What does the URL show after you do that? What does the country selection at the bottom right corner of the support page show?
Any link, or only on certain sites?
Try
resetting the SMC.
I do see you have AppCleaner, which you don't need. It won't cause any problems, but it's not very effective in removing apps.
In most cases, app removal software doesn't do a thorough job of finding and removing files/folders related to deleted apps. For more information, read
this and
this. If you just want to delete the app, drag the .app file to the trash. No other software needed. If you want to completely remove all associated files/folders, no removal apps will do the job.
The most effective method for complete app removal is manual deletion: