Yes. Partitioning a HDD is like having two separate hard drives. So,
- Make a 10.9 install USB
- Install 10.9 on the partition you just created.
- Use your backup to transfer files to the newly created 10.9 partition.
----------
I made a partition on my MBP while 10.10 was downloading. Then once it was done downloading I selected the "OS X Yosemite" partition I made and installed 10.10 on that newly created partition.
Now I have two virtual HDD's. One with 10.9 with all my files and another one with 10.10 that is
just 10.10 - no files, music, movies, etc. Just a clean install of 10.10.