I assumed that a 1TB drive will use less power at idle than a 2TB because it has less memory to keep powered up. This assumption seemed to play out when I called Apple (sales) and asked if there was a difference in power consumption between the two drives. The representative put me on hold for a bit, then returned with an answer: 2.6W for 1TB, 4W for 2TB. That's about a 1.4W, or about 50% increase in consumption. She didn't tell me where she got that information, but if I accept it as true, and I have a battery that's still at it's peak 70 Wh life, with no other loads (unreal, but I'm isolating a component) a 1TB drive will drain that battery in 70/2.6 = 26.9 hrs. A 2TB will take 70/4 = 17.5 hrs.
Would love to see the difference measured in real life.