I did manage to solve this problem.
First, I managed to make a copy of the damaged drive using
Clonezilla.
I came across this video tutorial.
True, it cost me $97.95, but that's nothing compared to taking the disc to a technician. I risked losing my files forever. But I can't afford to pay a lot of money.
Let me tell you a little bit about how I did it.
I downloaded
Hetman Partition Recovery , the program displayed my RAW drive, which used to be FAT, and started a full scan. It found most of my files and successfully recovered them. Yes, it couldn't recover all the files, but I was lucky: I recovered the most important ones .
And yes, make copies of important files (discs) for the future.
Also, thanks to everyone who tried to help me)