Isn't that three parameters? (leave work, CarPlay, after 5pm)
Anyway, I'm guessing what you're getting at is that you often leave work in your car during the day but only want this automation to trigger if you're heading home (after 5pm) and only if you're able to carry the conversation hands-free (through CarPlay).
Doesn't look like it's possible. You can combine leaving a location with a time range, but not also have CarPlay in the equation. My recommendation is you get an NFC tag for your car and have the automation run when you place your phone near it. Then only place the phone near it when you're heading home and CarPlay's connected.