Hey there,
I haven't been able to resolve this problem and it's been happening randomly for about two weeks now. I have had around five Kernel Panics in 2 weeks, each time doing something different, and I'm not sure why. I have ran disk utility to verify and repair permissions since the last one, and I ran an Apple Hardware Test fairly recently which said everything was okay.
I'm wondering if anyone can tell me if there's anything in the panic log that would point to anything specific.
I'm thinking of updating to the latest OS X to see if that helps at all as I'm still on Yosemite.
Here is the log:
Anonymous UUID: 677A5B94-C0EB-9B9B-D260-6F8D2A3080F1
Sat Apr 16 14:58:59 2016
*** Panic Report ***
panic(cpu 0 caller 0xffffff8006216df2): Kernel trap at 0x0000000200000002, type 14=page fault, registers:
CR0: 0x0000000080010033, CR2: 0x0000000200000002, CR3: 0x00000001e53c809a, CR4: 0x00000000001627e0
RAX: 0xffffff8028b62000, RBX: 0xffffff8019c1b000, RCX: 0x0000000000000001, RDX: 0x7fffffffffffffff
RSP: 0xffffff81124a3b78, RBP: 0xffffff81124a3bc0, RSI: 0x0000000000000002, RDI: 0xffffff801e103400
R8: 0x00000000000002af, R9: 0x0000000000000000, R10: 0x0000000000000000, R11: 0xffffff800a010960
R12: 0xffffff8006912f48, R13: 0xffffff8006829750, R14: 0xffffff801e103400, R15: 0xffffff8028bd0d80
RFL: 0x0000000000010282, RIP: 0x0000000200000002, CS: 0x0000000000000008, SS: 0x0000000000000010
Fault CR2: 0x0000000200000002, Error code: 0x0000000000000010, Fault CPU: 0x0
Backtrace (CPU 0), Frame : Return Address
0xffffff81124a3820 : 0xffffff800612ad21
0xffffff81124a38a0 : 0xffffff8006216df2
0xffffff81124a3a60 : 0xffffff8006233ca3
0xffffff81124a3a80 : 0x200000002
0xffffff81124a3bc0 : 0xffffff7f88176a68
0xffffff81124a3c00 : 0xffffff7f88185b95
0xffffff81124a3c30 : 0xffffff7f88177479
0xffffff81124a3c50 : 0xffffff7f881dc6a8
0xffffff81124a3c70 : 0xffffff7f881772dc
0xffffff81124a3ca0 : 0xffffff7f881856a1
0xffffff81124a3d00 : 0xffffff80066b65d1
0xffffff81124a3d50 : 0xffffff80066fde02
0xffffff81124a3dc0 : 0xffffff80061e17de
0xffffff81124a3e10 : 0xffffff800612ef8c
0xffffff81124a3e40 : 0xffffff80061139f3
0xffffff81124a3e90 : 0xffffff800612429d
0xffffff81124a3f10 : 0xffffff800620231a
0xffffff81124a3fb0 : 0xffffff80062344c6
Kernel Extensions in backtrace:
com.apple.iokit.IOAcceleratorFamily2(156.16)[1259B80F-E4C5-3BC9-BED5-65B42289E8 C0]@0xffffff7f8815b000->0xffffff7f881c9fff
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily(2.9)[70B4F2BF-8785-326D-8B1D-D62BD4B2068A]@0xffffff 7f86924000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily(2.4.1)[8922721D-5517-3883-BD3A-57422D0244A0]@0 xffffff7f8725c000
com.apple.driver.AppleIntelHD5000Graphics(10.0.6)[88C45C9D-E631-3130-99D0-EDCC8 38563FF]@0xffffff7f881d8000->0xffffff7f88237fff
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOSurface(97.4)[A4AE35B7-0C17-38F2-AD0D-A4C4B40196FB]@0xffffff7 f87134000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily(2.9)[70B4F2BF-8785-326D-8B1D-D62BD4B2068A]@0xffffff 7f86924000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily(2.4.1)[8922721D-5517-3883-BD3A-57422D0244A0]@0 xffffff7f8725c000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOAcceleratorFamily2(156.16)[1259B80F-E4C5-3BC9-BED5-65B42289E8 C0]@0xffffff7f8815b000
BSD process name corresponding to current thread: com.apple.WebKit
Mac OS version:
14F1713
Kernel version:
Darwin Kernel Version 14.5.0: Mon Jan 11 18:48:35 PST 2016; root:xnu-2782.50.2~1/RELEASE_X86_64
Kernel UUID: A503418E-2182-3864-AEA5-79374A30A241
Kernel slide: 0x0000000005e00000
Kernel text base: 0xffffff8006000000
__HIB text base: 0xffffff8005f00000
System model name: MacBookPro11,1 (Mac-189A3D4F975D5FFC)
System uptime in nanoseconds: 412043685589
last loaded kext at 4565827523: com.apple.driver.AudioAUUC 1.70 (addr 0xffffff7f87dac000, size 32768)
last unloaded kext at 118189944015: com.apple.driver.AppleIntelLpssI2C 2.0.57 (addr 0xffffff7f88138000, size 36864)
loaded kexts:
com.apple.driver.AudioAUUC 1.70
com.apple.driver.AGPM 110.19.6
com.apple.driver.ApplePlatformEnabler 2.2.0d4
com.apple.driver.X86PlatformShim 1.0.0
com.apple.filesystems.autofs 3.0
com.apple.iokit.IOBluetoothSerialManager 4.3.6f3
com.apple.driver.AppleHDA 272.18.3
com.apple.driver.AppleUpstreamUserClient 3.6.1
com.apple.driver.AppleOSXWatchdog 1
com.apple.driver.AppleSMCLMU 2.0.7d0
com.apple.driver.AppleLPC 1.7.3
com.apple.driver.AppleBacklight 170.7.4
com.apple.driver.AppleMCCSControl 1.2.12
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltIP 2.0.2
com.apple.iokit.BroadcomBluetoothHostControllerUSBTransport 4.3.6f3
com.apple.driver.AppleCameraInterface 5.36.0
com.apple.iokit.IOUserEthernet 1.0.1
com.apple.Dont_Steal_Mac_OS_X 7.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleHWAccess 1
com.apple.driver.AppleHV 1
com.apple.driver.AppleIntelSlowAdaptiveClocking 4.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleIntelHD5000Graphics 10.0.6
com.apple.driver.AppleIntelFramebufferAzul 10.0.6
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBTCButtons 240.2
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBTCKeyboard 240.2
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBCardReader 3.5.5
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBHub 705.4.2
com.apple.AppleFSCompression.AppleFSCompressionTypeDataless 1.0.0d1
com.apple.AppleFSCompression.AppleFSCompressionTypeZlib 1.0.0
com.apple.BootCache 36
com.apple.driver.XsanFilter 404
com.apple.iokit.IOAHCIBlockStorage 2.7.1
com.apple.driver.AppleAHCIPort 3.1.2
com.apple.driver.AirPort.Brcm4360 930.37.3
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBXHCI 710.4.11
com.apple.driver.AppleSmartBatteryManager 161.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleRTC 2.0
com.apple.driver.AppleACPIButtons 3.1
com.apple.driver.AppleHPET 1.8
com.apple.driver.AppleSMBIOS 2.1
com.apple.driver.AppleACPIEC 3.1
com.apple.driver.AppleAPIC 1.7
com.apple.nke.applicationfirewall 161
com.apple.security.quarantine 3
com.apple.security.TMSafetyNet 8
com.apple.kext.triggers 1.0
com.apple.driver.DspFuncLib 272.18.3
com.apple.kext.OSvKernDSPLib 1.15
com.apple.driver.AppleBacklightExpert 1.1.0
com.apple.driver.AppleSMBusController 1.0.13d1
com.apple.iokit.IOBluetoothHostControllerUSBTransport 4.3.6f3
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBUserClient 705.4.0
com.apple.driver.AppleHDAController 272.18.3
com.apple.iokit.IOHDAFamily 272.18.3
com.apple.iokit.IOAudioFamily 203.3
com.apple.vecLib.kext 1.2.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSerialFamily 11
com.apple.driver.X86PlatformPlugin 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.IOPlatformPluginFamily 5.9.1d7
com.apple.iokit.IOBluetoothFamily 4.3.6f3
com.apple.driver.AppleSMC 3.1.9
com.apple.iokit.IOSlowAdaptiveClockingFamily 1.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSurface 97.4
com.apple.iokit.IONDRVSupport 2.4.1
com.apple.AppleGraphicsDeviceControl 3.10.25
com.apple.iokit.IOAcceleratorFamily2 156.16
com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily 2.4.1
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBMultitouch 245.2
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHIDDriver 705.4.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSCSIBlockCommandsDevice 3.7.5
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBMassStorageClass 3.7.2
com.apple.iokit.IOSCSIArchitectureModelFamily 3.7.5
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBMergeNub 705.4.0
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBComposite 705.4.9
com.apple.driver.CoreStorage 471.30.1
com.apple.iokit.IOAHCIFamily 2.7.5
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltDPInAdapter 4.0.6
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltDPAdapterFamily 4.0.6
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltPCIDownAdapter 2.0.2
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltNHI 3.1.7
com.apple.iokit.IOThunderboltFamily 4.2.2
com.apple.iokit.IO80211Family 730.60
com.apple.driver.mDNSOffloadUserClient 1.0.1b8
com.apple.iokit.IONetworkingFamily 3.2
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBFamily 720.4.4
com.apple.driver.AppleEFINVRAM 2.0
com.apple.driver.AppleEFIRuntime 2.0
com.apple.iokit.IOHIDFamily 2.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSMBusFamily 1.1
com.apple.security.sandbox 300.0
com.apple.kext.AppleMatch 1.0.0d1
com.apple.driver.AppleKeyStore 2
com.apple.driver.AppleMobileFileIntegrity 1.0.5
com.apple.driver.AppleCredentialManager 1.0
com.apple.driver.DiskImages 398
com.apple.iokit.IOStorageFamily 2.0
com.apple.iokit.IOReportFamily 31
com.apple.driver.AppleFDEKeyStore 28.30
com.apple.driver.AppleACPIPlatform 3.1
com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily 2.9
com.apple.iokit.IOACPIFamily 1.4
com.apple.kec.Libm 1
com.apple.kec.pthread 1
com.apple.kec.corecrypto 1.0
Model: MacBookPro11,1, BootROM MBP111.0138.B16, 2 processors, Intel Core i5, 2.6 GHz, 8 GB, SMC 2.16f68
Graphics: Intel Iris, Intel Iris, Built-In
Memory Module: BANK 0/DIMM0, 4 GB, DDR3, 1600 MHz, 0x802C, 0x384B54463531323634485A2D314736453120
Memory Module: BANK 1/DIMM0, 4 GB, DDR3, 1600 MHz, 0x802C, 0x384B54463531323634485A2D314736453120
AirPort: spairport_wireless_card_type_airport_extreme (0x14E4, 0x112), Broadcom BCM43xx 1.0 (7.15.166.24.3)
Bluetooth: Version 4.3.6f3 16238, 3 services, 18 devices, 1 incoming serial ports
Network Service: Wi-Fi, AirPort, en0
Serial ATA Device: APPLE SSD SD0128F, 121.33 GB
USB Device: Internal Memory Card Reader
USB Device: Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad
USB Device: BRCM20702 Hub
USB Device: Bluetooth USB Host Controller
Thunderbolt Bus: MacBook Pro, Apple Inc., 17.2
I haven't been able to resolve this problem and it's been happening randomly for about two weeks now. I have had around five Kernel Panics in 2 weeks, each time doing something different, and I'm not sure why. I have ran disk utility to verify and repair permissions since the last one, and I ran an Apple Hardware Test fairly recently which said everything was okay.
I'm wondering if anyone can tell me if there's anything in the panic log that would point to anything specific.
I'm thinking of updating to the latest OS X to see if that helps at all as I'm still on Yosemite.
Here is the log:
Anonymous UUID: 677A5B94-C0EB-9B9B-D260-6F8D2A3080F1
Sat Apr 16 14:58:59 2016
*** Panic Report ***
panic(cpu 0 caller 0xffffff8006216df2): Kernel trap at 0x0000000200000002, type 14=page fault, registers:
CR0: 0x0000000080010033, CR2: 0x0000000200000002, CR3: 0x00000001e53c809a, CR4: 0x00000000001627e0
RAX: 0xffffff8028b62000, RBX: 0xffffff8019c1b000, RCX: 0x0000000000000001, RDX: 0x7fffffffffffffff
RSP: 0xffffff81124a3b78, RBP: 0xffffff81124a3bc0, RSI: 0x0000000000000002, RDI: 0xffffff801e103400
R8: 0x00000000000002af, R9: 0x0000000000000000, R10: 0x0000000000000000, R11: 0xffffff800a010960
R12: 0xffffff8006912f48, R13: 0xffffff8006829750, R14: 0xffffff801e103400, R15: 0xffffff8028bd0d80
RFL: 0x0000000000010282, RIP: 0x0000000200000002, CS: 0x0000000000000008, SS: 0x0000000000000010
Fault CR2: 0x0000000200000002, Error code: 0x0000000000000010, Fault CPU: 0x0
Backtrace (CPU 0), Frame : Return Address
0xffffff81124a3820 : 0xffffff800612ad21
0xffffff81124a38a0 : 0xffffff8006216df2
0xffffff81124a3a60 : 0xffffff8006233ca3
0xffffff81124a3a80 : 0x200000002
0xffffff81124a3bc0 : 0xffffff7f88176a68
0xffffff81124a3c00 : 0xffffff7f88185b95
0xffffff81124a3c30 : 0xffffff7f88177479
0xffffff81124a3c50 : 0xffffff7f881dc6a8
0xffffff81124a3c70 : 0xffffff7f881772dc
0xffffff81124a3ca0 : 0xffffff7f881856a1
0xffffff81124a3d00 : 0xffffff80066b65d1
0xffffff81124a3d50 : 0xffffff80066fde02
0xffffff81124a3dc0 : 0xffffff80061e17de
0xffffff81124a3e10 : 0xffffff800612ef8c
0xffffff81124a3e40 : 0xffffff80061139f3
0xffffff81124a3e90 : 0xffffff800612429d
0xffffff81124a3f10 : 0xffffff800620231a
0xffffff81124a3fb0 : 0xffffff80062344c6
Kernel Extensions in backtrace:
com.apple.iokit.IOAcceleratorFamily2(156.16)[1259B80F-E4C5-3BC9-BED5-65B42289E8 C0]@0xffffff7f8815b000->0xffffff7f881c9fff
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily(2.9)[70B4F2BF-8785-326D-8B1D-D62BD4B2068A]@0xffffff 7f86924000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily(2.4.1)[8922721D-5517-3883-BD3A-57422D0244A0]@0 xffffff7f8725c000
com.apple.driver.AppleIntelHD5000Graphics(10.0.6)[88C45C9D-E631-3130-99D0-EDCC8 38563FF]@0xffffff7f881d8000->0xffffff7f88237fff
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOSurface(97.4)[A4AE35B7-0C17-38F2-AD0D-A4C4B40196FB]@0xffffff7 f87134000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily(2.9)[70B4F2BF-8785-326D-8B1D-D62BD4B2068A]@0xffffff 7f86924000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily(2.4.1)[8922721D-5517-3883-BD3A-57422D0244A0]@0 xffffff7f8725c000
dependency: com.apple.iokit.IOAcceleratorFamily2(156.16)[1259B80F-E4C5-3BC9-BED5-65B42289E8 C0]@0xffffff7f8815b000
BSD process name corresponding to current thread: com.apple.WebKit
Mac OS version:
14F1713
Kernel version:
Darwin Kernel Version 14.5.0: Mon Jan 11 18:48:35 PST 2016; root:xnu-2782.50.2~1/RELEASE_X86_64
Kernel UUID: A503418E-2182-3864-AEA5-79374A30A241
Kernel slide: 0x0000000005e00000
Kernel text base: 0xffffff8006000000
__HIB text base: 0xffffff8005f00000
System model name: MacBookPro11,1 (Mac-189A3D4F975D5FFC)
System uptime in nanoseconds: 412043685589
last loaded kext at 4565827523: com.apple.driver.AudioAUUC 1.70 (addr 0xffffff7f87dac000, size 32768)
last unloaded kext at 118189944015: com.apple.driver.AppleIntelLpssI2C 2.0.57 (addr 0xffffff7f88138000, size 36864)
loaded kexts:
com.apple.driver.AudioAUUC 1.70
com.apple.driver.AGPM 110.19.6
com.apple.driver.ApplePlatformEnabler 2.2.0d4
com.apple.driver.X86PlatformShim 1.0.0
com.apple.filesystems.autofs 3.0
com.apple.iokit.IOBluetoothSerialManager 4.3.6f3
com.apple.driver.AppleHDA 272.18.3
com.apple.driver.AppleUpstreamUserClient 3.6.1
com.apple.driver.AppleOSXWatchdog 1
com.apple.driver.AppleSMCLMU 2.0.7d0
com.apple.driver.AppleLPC 1.7.3
com.apple.driver.AppleBacklight 170.7.4
com.apple.driver.AppleMCCSControl 1.2.12
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltIP 2.0.2
com.apple.iokit.BroadcomBluetoothHostControllerUSBTransport 4.3.6f3
com.apple.driver.AppleCameraInterface 5.36.0
com.apple.iokit.IOUserEthernet 1.0.1
com.apple.Dont_Steal_Mac_OS_X 7.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleHWAccess 1
com.apple.driver.AppleHV 1
com.apple.driver.AppleIntelSlowAdaptiveClocking 4.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleIntelHD5000Graphics 10.0.6
com.apple.driver.AppleIntelFramebufferAzul 10.0.6
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBTCButtons 240.2
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBTCKeyboard 240.2
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBCardReader 3.5.5
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBHub 705.4.2
com.apple.AppleFSCompression.AppleFSCompressionTypeDataless 1.0.0d1
com.apple.AppleFSCompression.AppleFSCompressionTypeZlib 1.0.0
com.apple.BootCache 36
com.apple.driver.XsanFilter 404
com.apple.iokit.IOAHCIBlockStorage 2.7.1
com.apple.driver.AppleAHCIPort 3.1.2
com.apple.driver.AirPort.Brcm4360 930.37.3
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBXHCI 710.4.11
com.apple.driver.AppleSmartBatteryManager 161.0.0
com.apple.driver.AppleRTC 2.0
com.apple.driver.AppleACPIButtons 3.1
com.apple.driver.AppleHPET 1.8
com.apple.driver.AppleSMBIOS 2.1
com.apple.driver.AppleACPIEC 3.1
com.apple.driver.AppleAPIC 1.7
com.apple.nke.applicationfirewall 161
com.apple.security.quarantine 3
com.apple.security.TMSafetyNet 8
com.apple.kext.triggers 1.0
com.apple.driver.DspFuncLib 272.18.3
com.apple.kext.OSvKernDSPLib 1.15
com.apple.driver.AppleBacklightExpert 1.1.0
com.apple.driver.AppleSMBusController 1.0.13d1
com.apple.iokit.IOBluetoothHostControllerUSBTransport 4.3.6f3
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBUserClient 705.4.0
com.apple.driver.AppleHDAController 272.18.3
com.apple.iokit.IOHDAFamily 272.18.3
com.apple.iokit.IOAudioFamily 203.3
com.apple.vecLib.kext 1.2.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSerialFamily 11
com.apple.driver.X86PlatformPlugin 1.0.0
com.apple.driver.IOPlatformPluginFamily 5.9.1d7
com.apple.iokit.IOBluetoothFamily 4.3.6f3
com.apple.driver.AppleSMC 3.1.9
com.apple.iokit.IOSlowAdaptiveClockingFamily 1.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSurface 97.4
com.apple.iokit.IONDRVSupport 2.4.1
com.apple.AppleGraphicsDeviceControl 3.10.25
com.apple.iokit.IOAcceleratorFamily2 156.16
com.apple.iokit.IOGraphicsFamily 2.4.1
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBMultitouch 245.2
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBHIDDriver 705.4.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSCSIBlockCommandsDevice 3.7.5
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBMassStorageClass 3.7.2
com.apple.iokit.IOSCSIArchitectureModelFamily 3.7.5
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBMergeNub 705.4.0
com.apple.driver.AppleUSBComposite 705.4.9
com.apple.driver.CoreStorage 471.30.1
com.apple.iokit.IOAHCIFamily 2.7.5
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltDPInAdapter 4.0.6
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltDPAdapterFamily 4.0.6
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltPCIDownAdapter 2.0.2
com.apple.driver.AppleThunderboltNHI 3.1.7
com.apple.iokit.IOThunderboltFamily 4.2.2
com.apple.iokit.IO80211Family 730.60
com.apple.driver.mDNSOffloadUserClient 1.0.1b8
com.apple.iokit.IONetworkingFamily 3.2
com.apple.iokit.IOUSBFamily 720.4.4
com.apple.driver.AppleEFINVRAM 2.0
com.apple.driver.AppleEFIRuntime 2.0
com.apple.iokit.IOHIDFamily 2.0.0
com.apple.iokit.IOSMBusFamily 1.1
com.apple.security.sandbox 300.0
com.apple.kext.AppleMatch 1.0.0d1
com.apple.driver.AppleKeyStore 2
com.apple.driver.AppleMobileFileIntegrity 1.0.5
com.apple.driver.AppleCredentialManager 1.0
com.apple.driver.DiskImages 398
com.apple.iokit.IOStorageFamily 2.0
com.apple.iokit.IOReportFamily 31
com.apple.driver.AppleFDEKeyStore 28.30
com.apple.driver.AppleACPIPlatform 3.1
com.apple.iokit.IOPCIFamily 2.9
com.apple.iokit.IOACPIFamily 1.4
com.apple.kec.Libm 1
com.apple.kec.pthread 1
com.apple.kec.corecrypto 1.0
Model: MacBookPro11,1, BootROM MBP111.0138.B16, 2 processors, Intel Core i5, 2.6 GHz, 8 GB, SMC 2.16f68
Graphics: Intel Iris, Intel Iris, Built-In
Memory Module: BANK 0/DIMM0, 4 GB, DDR3, 1600 MHz, 0x802C, 0x384B54463531323634485A2D314736453120
Memory Module: BANK 1/DIMM0, 4 GB, DDR3, 1600 MHz, 0x802C, 0x384B54463531323634485A2D314736453120
AirPort: spairport_wireless_card_type_airport_extreme (0x14E4, 0x112), Broadcom BCM43xx 1.0 (7.15.166.24.3)
Bluetooth: Version 4.3.6f3 16238, 3 services, 18 devices, 1 incoming serial ports
Network Service: Wi-Fi, AirPort, en0
Serial ATA Device: APPLE SSD SD0128F, 121.33 GB
USB Device: Internal Memory Card Reader
USB Device: Apple Internal Keyboard / Trackpad
USB Device: BRCM20702 Hub
USB Device: Bluetooth USB Host Controller
Thunderbolt Bus: MacBook Pro, Apple Inc., 17.2