I think you don't understand. The sound is bad coming out of the builtin headphone port. No internal speakers involved. To reiterate, I connected my studio monitors to a USB external sound card dongle and got a clear sound. Again, I when I connected the monitors to the MacBook's mini headphone port the sound is very bad. That indicated the Mac's sound card is bad. Is it replaceable or just hard wired in?
My bad. Your opening question
was about how to replace the physical speakers inside your MBP, not about the failure of analogue output more generally.
The sound chip is, indeed,
soldered to the board (a RealTek chip). Soldered audio capability has been that way with most Macs dating straight back to the PowerPC days: the 1999 PCI Power Mac G4 I bought direct from Apple suffered a failed sound card (one channel just… gone), which necessitated a completely new logic board for a one-month-old system. Generally, however, audio/sound card failures on Macs tend to be uncommon.
What you didn’t answer was how the internal speakers, tinny in design as they might be, are working (or not). If they’re doing the same thing as when a headphone or analogue line-out is connected, then at minimum, the sound card/logic for
analogue output may be compromised.
Two other tests, if you have cabling and gear, is to first test the optical output of the headphone port (if you have a TOS-link cable), and also to reconfigure the headphone port to be an analogue line-in microphone jack and to record audio from a connected mic. If the TOS-link works, then the problem may be with the DAC on the sound card. If both fail, then yes, it’s probably the sound card.
The last thing I would — long shot, but process of elimination — explore: pull out the battery. Pull the MagSafe. Perform an
SMC reset (ignore the part about leaving the battery connected; unplug it after you’ve opened the bottom plate and hold down the power button for about fifteen seconds, to completely drain residual capacitor power).