It says 9.7TB of 10 TB used. How do I tell how many snapshots I have?
There was an old rule of thumb (many years ago) that said don't load up hard disk drives more than about 60% or you'll start to see degraded performance. It looks like your TM drive is at 97%. Perhaps that's the problem.
TM works best if it's the only thing using a particular drive.
When a TM drive gets so full, it can't add any new updates, it deletes the oldest instances so it can fit the new ones in. That seems to take a good deal of time. Sometimes when the TM disk is close to full, there's not enough spare space to do the deletions.
The Apple File System (APFS) Wikipedia entry has quite a bit of interesting information. Under the
Limitations Heading, It notes: "is much slower on APFS when it is located on a
hard disk drive."
In my opinion, I think your TM drive is just too full. It might be time to replace it. When my TM drives get too full, I put them away and buy a new drive. I like to think I'm creating a long term archive that way, but I've never actually tested reattaching any of the old drives.