I will guess that "dying down", simply means that your hard drive is starting to fail.
Is this your 17-inch MBPro? Then if it is the original hard drive, it is approaching 10 years old, maybe more. And, not uncommon to last that long, or longer. But, it's a mechanical device that is active whenever you use your Mac. They don't last forever. I have seen failing hard drives that might, without any warning, shut the Mac off. Maybe that's what is happening.
Then, if you move it from the MBPRo, to an external enclosure, you might be able to use the drive continuously, until you get the files that you need. (The FSCK command may give you a result that there are problems with the drive, or other warnings about the condition of the drive, or the file system itself.)
Let us know how it goes for you...