No. Time Machine will only backup your macOS partitions. You would need to use other software to backup your Windows Boot Camp partition. One such application that you can use is WinClone. However, that app is not free. There are other ways to backup the Boot Camp partition but WinClone makes the job fast and easy.
If you regularly boot into Windows - but only then; otherwise your Windows backups won't run - I usually recommend the free Veeam Backup Agent for Windows. It's powerful yet easy to use, and acts a lot like Time Machine does in macOS.