OP wrote:
"I have a MacBook Pro 2012 running Catalina. I received an iMac 2010 running high sierra."
It's NOT WORTH "upgrading" a 2010 iMac to do this.
A waste of your money. Too old.
If you want to move "data" over, do it "manually".
You could use either a USB flash drive or a USB hard drive or SSD.
What I'd suggest as the best way:
1. Get a USB drive (SSD or HDD)
2. Format it to HFS+ (Mac OS extended with journaling enabled, GUID partition format)
3. Download CarbonCopyCloner from here:
www.bombich.com
(CCC is FREE to download and use for 30 days, if you do things "my way", it costs you nothing)
4. Use CCC to created a cloned backup of the MacBook Pro
5. Connect the cloned backup to the 2010 iMac.
6.
Do THIS to prevent permissions problems:
a. click on the USB drive icon ONE TIME to select it
b. bring up the get info box for the drive (command-i)
c. at the bottom of get info, click the lock and enter the administrative password you're using for the MacBook Pro
d. put a checkmark into "ignore ownership on this volume" (sharing & permissions)
e. close get info
(Now you can copy just about anything from the USB drive to the old iMac, and whatever you copy will "come under the ownership" of your account on the iMac)
Now the contents of the cloned backup are "mounted and ready" on the old iMac.
You can start moving things a little at a time.
(it helps to keep a pencil and paper near and make notes of what's moved)
Now... IT'S UP TO YOU what to copy over.
You would want to copy personal data, email (special considerations required), perhaps some apps (IF those apps will still work on the older OS, may be doubtful).
BE AWARE
that if you move stuff from one home folder to another, you CANNOT COPY the "first level of subfolders" (such as those named "movies", "music", "pictures", "documents", etc.
HOWEVER ... you CAN copy stuff that's INSIDE OF these folders (just not the entire folders themselves, which are "symbolic links").
For email, the best way to "move it over" is to open Mail on the iMac and try to "import" emails from home/library/mail on the USB drive. The goal is to "get it into" your other Mail.app, and THEN "move it around" afterwards.
Good luck!
A closing thought:
My opinion only, but I think it's a fool's errand to try to make one Mac "exactly like the other one".
In my experience, it's best to "let each Mac, be ITS OWN Mac"...