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I can't speak for the procedure you linked to, however, it would appear that somehow you may have overwritten the Windows 10 boot sector. The only application that I'm aware of that works to resize a Boot Camp partition is the CampTune utility from Paragon Software. There is also WinClone which can be used to image the Windows partition before resizing.

I'm not sure you can repair the Windows 10 boot sector without reinstalling but perhaps someone else would know.
 
I've encountered a problem like this before. The fix is often so convoluted and difficult to nail down that it's just easier and quicker to delete the whole thing and start again from scratch.
 
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